What Matters Most For You, And Why Essay - 1784 Words

Essay A: What matters most to you, and why? Without any medical facilities around me, I came into this world. I was born at home in a small village - Dhindha in the Rajasthan state of India. My father was in military and was not home at that time. On ninth day after my birth, my mother named me Balbir - meaning strong, full of strength. My mother never went to school and remained unlettered throughout her life. My father joined the military, even before completing high school, to support his family. But both my parents realized the importance of education and vowed to provide the best education to their children. The Hindi medium village school was my first school. The school neither had nursery nor kindergarten. So, I was admitted to first grade. The classes were held from first grade to eighth grade. The village school was the only school in the nearby area and was run by the state government with poor amenities. To acquire education, I had to walk on foot in chappals (flip-flops) a distance of three kilometers to school. There was no school bus due to lack of proper roads. Once in a while, if I was lucky enough, I use to get a camel cart ride for free. Irrespective of all the odds, my mother had a dream to make me a â€Å"better person† and that was only possible through good education. Later on, her dream became my dream too. I learned from my mother that I have to make my own destiny and to do so, I will face hardships but I should never give up! Later, to seek education inShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is The Language Of Communication1473 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication solves and also prevents problems. Think back to all those times you endured a conflict with a person or institution as a result of poor communication or a complete lack of communication. When people are not sure what others mean, intend or desire, they are inclined to make a mistake or do something to create an uncomfortable conflict with the other party. The communication tips outlined below will help you express your thoughts and feelings in clear terms that leave no room for interpretationRead MoreCommunication Is Essential For Business As Well As Interpersonal Relationships1312 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication solves and also prevents problems. Think back to all those times you endured a conflict with a person or institution as a result of poor communication or a complete lack of communication. When people are not sure what others mean, intend or d esire, they are inclined to make a mistake or do something to create an uncomfortable conflict with the other party. The communication tips outlined below will help you express your thoughts and feelings in clear terms that leave no room for interpretationRead MoreInterpersonal Communication753 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication is the most important factor in a successful relationship. Without it, chances are, a relationship will fail. 1) Body Paragraph # 1 - Explain the principles of and barriers to effective interpersonal communications. (You don’t have to list the objectives in this order, but be sure you cover all of them.) Topic Sentence: This sentence introduces your topic. All other sentences in the paragraph should support this statement. Supporting Evidence: This is where you should be using anRead MoreWould It Matter Tomorrow?916 Words   |  4 PagesWould it matter tomorrow? Titled, The meaning of Life, this chapter starts with the question that perhaps we have all asked ourselves once. Does anything we do really matter? We all die at the end of the day, and generations to come won’t even remember you or the people around you, in two hundred years. Why is it that people do what they do? Nagel argues how religious people would answer this question. Can you live a life without having to worry about the meaning behind it? What is the meaning ofRead MoreLove And Age Should Not Matter951 Words   |  4 Pagesthat when people are in love, they are in another world. Most people tend to start relationships at the age of sixteen or even younger. Whether you are ten or eighteen, should the age really matter if you are in love? Would it be better if the guy was older than the girl? When going out with someone older, are there any limits? When it comes to love, the funny thing about the situation is that sometimes the person you fall for is someone who you n ever expected to fall for. Whether it’s a best friendRead MoreMarriage and Money1091 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat that they thought the other was their perfect someone. What if the decision of the two ever becoming a couple was not up to you, but up to your particular social status? Is it reasonable to base who you will marry clearly on the bases of ones personal wealth or social status? The answers to these questions can only be answered by your own morals and how important social status is to you. Everyone has a choice, why does it matter as long as there is love? In Voltaire s Candide, it suggestsRead More gay people Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexual people should have the right and the freedom like what straight people have in this world. I think this topic is very controversial because in the U.S. Most homosexual people especially males, get discriminated because of what they feel: having attractiveness to their same sex. Most people in the U.S. are str8 and most people think that being gay or lesbian is wrong and it is not right to show it off and be proud of it. Another point why this topic is very controversial is when gay people marryRead MoreACC 291 Week 5 Discussion Questions and Responses Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pages 100% Satisfaction Guarantee DESCRIPTION FOR THIS STUDY GUIDE: Week 5: DQ 1:   Why are companies required to prepare a statement of cash flows?   What are the three sections of the statement of cash flows and what does each section tell you about the operations of a company? DQ 2: Class, the statement of cash flows is the only required financial statement that is not prepared from an adjusted trial balance. What are the sources of information for preparing a statement of cash flows? Explain howRead MoreReading Comprehension and Response to Literature Questions1497 Words   |  6 Pagescharacterization What human characteristics (other than the ability to speak English) does Orwell give to each of the following characters CharacterHuman Characteristics and Personality TraitsOld Major Boxer Mollie Benjamin Snowball Napoleon Exposition setting up what the characters want (characters motives) and the potential conflict-- Old Major and his dream a. Why is Old Major so respected What is Old Majors vision for the animals In other words, what does he hope for them Why are the animalsRead MoreHeat Is The Transfer Of Thermal Energy Between Substances.Thermal771 Words   |  4 PagesHeat is the transfer of thermal energy between substances. Thermal ener gy is the kinetic energy of moving particles of matter. If you go camping, you usually build a fire to sit around at night. Have you ever wondered why a marshmallow cooks without touching the flame, why the smoke rises, or why water in a pan boils? Heat can move from one object to another in three different ways: conduction, convection and radiation. Some sources of heat may include the following: the sun, friction, and the

Essay about Ernest Hemingway - 1399 Words

Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway based his writing on real life experiences concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park Illinois. One of Hemmingway’s first works was Indian Camp published in 1925. In many ways Indian Camp shows the relationship between Hemingway and his father. Hemingway then digs deeper into the past to create the love between Frederick Henry and Catherine Barkley, in A Farwell To Arms. Hemingway was later able to reflect his disgust of home life when he portrayed himself as the character Krebs in Soldiers Home, the character had problems with lies, women, and at home.†¦show more content†¦Ed worked everyday to come home and have to clean the house, prepare the food, and tend to the children. He had promised Grace that if she would marry him, she would not have to do housework for as long as she lived. Ill and depressed, Ed Hemingway comm itted suicide in 1928. Hemingway later stated â€Å"I hated my mother as soon as I knew the score and love my father had for her, until he embarrassed me with the cowardice.† (Myers 212). Hemingway used Indian Camp to express his feelings about how his father was a coward. He did this by having Nicks father refer to suicide as being pretty easy, which is compared to a coward’s way of life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The characters and setting of Indian Camp are influenced by Hemingway’s childhood. In much of the same way, Hemingway’s second novel, A Farwell To Arms, has influences from his adult years spent in the war. A Farwell To Arms is a love story that occurs during World War I. Fredrick Henry, the main character is an ambulance driver who is wounded in the trenches. He is then sent to a hospital in Milan to recover. During his stay, he falls in love with a nurse named Catherine Barkley. The couple then flees to Switzerland to escape the war and have a child together. The novel then takes an evil twist at the end, Catherine dies while she is in labor, leaving Henry alone (Myers 22). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When comparing Hemingway to the character Fredrick Henry there are some very obviousShow MoreRelated Ernest Hemingway Essay974 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a small community of Oak Park, Illinois. He was the second child out of six, with four sisters and one brother. The area Ernest grew up in was a very conservative area of Illinois and was raised with values of strong religion, hard work, physical fitness and self-determination. His household was a very strict one that didn’t allow any enjoyment on Sundays and disobedience was strictly punished. Ernest’s father taught him good morals and values that heRead MoreEssay Ernest Hemingway2650 Words   |  11 Pages Ernest Hemingway’s tough, terse prose and short, declarative sentences did more to change the style of written English that any other writing in the twentieth century. Ernest Hemingway had many great accomplishments in his historical life but one event sticks out from the rest. The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s most enduring works. Told in Language of great simplicity and power, it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman, agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf StreamRead MoreThe Battler by Ernest Hemingway680 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout life, the people that you may encounter and form relationships with will be the ones that shape who you are and ultimately influence your decisions, actions and personality. In â€Å"The Battler† by Ernest Hemingway, Nick Adams, a young man of roughly twenty years of age encounters an older gentleman named Ad Francis, a once-famous boxer who claims to have gone â€Å"crazy† after his life as a fighter. Ad is accompanied by his best friend Bugs, a black man who accompanies him on his travels throughoutRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay526 Words   |  3 PagesErnest Hemingway Who is Ernest Hemingway? Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, an upper-middle-class suburb of Chicago(Ernest Hemingwaypar 4). He was born in the front bedroom of grandfather Ernest Halls house at eight oclock A.M., July 21, 1899. His parents were Dr. Clarence Edmonds and Grace Hall Hemingway. Ernest was the second child and his sister, Marcelline, was born eighteen months earlier. He also had two other siblings. Carol was born July 19, 1911Read MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway1411 Words   |  6 Pages(shmoop.com). Ernest Hemingway was an honest and noble man. His life was highlighted by his successful writing career that brought him fame, fortune, but ultimately loneliness. Ernest Hemingway fell into a hole of drinking and depression (lib.utexas.edu). It was odd for Hemingway to become so emotionally unstable after having a happy childhood, quality experiences, and a successful writing career. Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park Illinois in 1899. Oak Park was the town in which Ernest spent hisRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway The writer/artist that I chose to enlighten you with has inspired many writers as well as literature majors for many years. He continues to tickle our imaginations with the legacy that he has left us with. This man was as genuine as you can get. He was loved by many. He made an impact on any life that he came across. This man is non other than, Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway was a free spirit in an unattached sense. He loved adventure, as well as the drink. He was somewhatRead MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway523 Words   |  2 Pages On July 21, 1899 Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Cicero (Oak Park), Illinois. Clarence and Grace Hemingway, Ernest’s parents, raised him and his five siblings in the suburbs and spent time at their cottage in northern Michigan. This is where Ernest learned his love of the outdoors. His father taught him to row a boat, start a fire, clean and cook a fish, make a wild-onion sandwich and handle a gun (Reef, 2009). In high school Hemingway began to write for his school newspaper Trapeze and TabulaRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pages Ernest Hemingway pulled from his past present experiences to develop his own thoughts concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. One such masterpiece written early in Hemingways career is the short story, quot;Indian Camp.quot; quot;Indian Campquot; was originally published in the collection of quot;in Our Timequot; in 1925. A brief summary reve als that the main character, a teenager by the name of Nick, travelsRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois July 21, 1899. Hemingway is known to be one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. He has written more than one hundred short fiction stories, many of them to be well known around the world. Some of these short stories had just as powerful an impact as his novels. As a young man, Hemingway left from his hometown to Europe, where he worked for the Red Cross during World War I. His time spent there inspired him to write someRead MoreA Farewell Of Arms By Ernest Hemingway1607 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Hemingway s third novel a Farewell to arms was being created with his early experience with war. Just out of High school, E.Hemingway tried volunteering to fight in World War 1 but he was rejected by the U.S. military because of his poor eyesight. Instead he voluntarily enlisted in the Italian ambulance corps on the Italian front where he was injured by a mortar shell. While E.Hemingway was recovering he started to fall in love with a nurse named Agnes Von Kurowsky. She however

High Blood Pressure Project Free Essays

Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your he t pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure. Hypertension can continue for years without any symptoms. We will write a custom essay sample on High Blood Pressure Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even without sys MOTOS, damage to blood vessels and the heart continues and can be detected. Once trolled high blood pressure increases the risk Of serious health problems, including h earth attack and stroke. . Define symptoms Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms, even if blob odd pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. Although a few people with relegates high blood pressure may have dull he dachas, size spells or a few more nosebleeds than normal, these signs and symptom s usually don’t occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or alphabetizing stage. 3. Define cause There are two types of high blood pressure. Primary (Essential) Hypertension For most adults, there’s no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure, called essential hypertension or primary hypertension , tends to develop gradually over many years. Secondary Hypertension Some people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. This type of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension, including: ; Kidney problems ; Adrenal gland tumors ; Thyroid problems ; Certain defects in blood vessels you’re born with (congenital) ; Certain medications, such as birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, overcorrection pain relievers and some prescription drugs ; Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines ; Alcohol abuse or chronic alcohol use ; Obstructive sleep apneas 4. Define western medicine approach (medication, services) Lifestyle can go a long way toward controlling high blood pressure. The doctor r may recommend a healthy diet with less salt, regular exercise, quitting smoking, a ND losing weight. In addition to lifestyle changes, the doctor may recommend medication to low ere blood pressure. Medications to treat hypertension include: Ethicize diuretics Beta blockers Unconventionality’s enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Negotiations II receptor blockers (Arabs) Calcium channel blockers Rennin inhibitors Alpha blockers Alphabet blockers Centralizing agents Vacillators Lodestone antagonists 5. Explain medical professionals involved Internists and family practice physicians often treat patients with high blood p reassure. Internists-?also called internal medicine physicians-?have training and expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of adult diseases. Family physicians focus on preventing diagnosing, and treating disease in people of all ages. How to cite High Blood Pressure Project, Papers

Mental Illness Services for National Framework -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMental Illness Services for National Framework. Answer: A lived experience is defined as any incident that a person encounters directly by enduring it and later discloses about it. The similar context can be applied in case of mental illness, people who have suffered for a long time in mental illness and recovered as well as lived to tell the truth (Van Manen, 2016). Mental illnesses are probably the most stigmatized of all known clinical condition that patients go through. According to the factsheets provided by World Health Organization (WHO), one out of four people in this world have some form of mental illness which needs to be clinically diagnosed. 300 million people all over the world are affected by depression, 60 million people have bipolar disorder, 50 million people have developed dementia and about 23 million people are affected by schizophrenia and other associated psychoses (Mental disorders, 2018). This kind of health issues directly affects other physical abilities and can lead to deeper and severe clinical conditions, whic h is why the government of Australia is trying their best to overcome the issues regarding mental health and create awareness amongst the general population regarding the treatment of such condition (Department of Health | A National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: guide for practitioners and providers, 2013). In any form of illness or ailment, recovery can be possible with the help of medical science. Physical illnesses are a little easier to handle than mental illness, as mental illness is a complex form of ailment, which is associated with psychological and neurological complications that have influence on ones altered behaviour (Insel Wang, 2010). Therefore, the approach to these illnesses are sometimes more psychological than pharmaceutical. The aim of such recovery procedures are aimed to achieve their mental health mainly, as well as teach them to lead to a self directed life and achieve their complete potential. The concept of recovery-oriented approach in mental illnesses, is different from other variants of treatment, which takes into the account the personal experience of the patient as well their familys experience to provided a more personalized patient care (Slade et al., 2014). It is essential to address the unique condition of the patient and recognise the problem in a per sonalised care form. It is also a duty of the caregiver to provide the choices for the patient to make them feel as a same part of the society and give them confidence to return to the sanity (Tondora et al., 2014). It is essential to make the patient feel empowered so they can take reality-based decisions in life, which would be a step further in the recovery procedure. The patients need to encouraged and supported to help them take creative decisions and take up opportunities, which would expose their uniqueness. The third essential aspect of recover-oriented care, is addressing the basic right and improve their attitude in life (Tondora et al., 2014). It is important to listen to the patients concerns and learn from their experiences, which would help to actively participate in communication processes and gather knowledge about every patient individually. It is important to make them aware of their basic human and citizenship rights so that they are not violated and taken advanta ge of their vulnerabilities. This will help the patient to secure their future and self-protection from unjust violation (Drew et al., 2011). Fourthly, it is important to maintain dignity and respect the patient regardless of their mental condition. The caregiver is expected to be respectful, courteous and provide honesty in their duty for treatment. It is important to respect the socio-cultural beliefs of the patient and showing any such discrimination or stigmatisation is considered unprofessional concerning ethical values (Martin, 2010). The fifth important point in the recovery oriented health practice is considering the patient-caregiver relationship as a partnership in which both parties will have equal rights and importance. This form of partnership is important to establish patient centric communication, which will establish the platform for the treatment. It is important to consider the patient as a master of their life and the professional can only offer advice and support their lifestyle choices without judgement (Thompson McCabe, 2012). Clear communication is important to provide a solution which will make sense to the patient and sharing relevant information to include them in the decision making process to engage the patient and provide positive environment to help the patients realise their own worth and develop a sense in independence. Lastly, it is important to evaluate the complete process of the care plan for mental health recovery, which enables the caregiver to assess and analyse the clinical decisions, and adhere to the patient issue in an effective form of evidence-based practice (Hibbard Greene, 2013). The National Framework for Recovery-Oriented Mental Health Services was provided by the government of Australia that provides an insight to the concept of lived experience and guidelines for healthcare providers, which will help them, tailor clinical treatments focussing on the recovery orientation of mental health patients. The outlines of the framework are provided below: Fig 1: Guidelines of framework for Recovery oriented treatment Source: (Department of Health | A National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: guide for practitioners and providers, 2013) The framework initially introduces the concept of mental health recovery, recovery orient care and recovery oriented delivery system for mentally ill patients, to ensure a clear understanding for the caregivers. The report describes a number of domains which help care givers assess the treat of the patient in a step by step manner. The first domain they addresses was promotion of Promoting a culture and Language of hope and optimism, which aims to focus on the sociological and cultural background of the patients and take into consideration of their beliefs in a respectful manner and help the person recover by showing positive support (Corrigan et al., 2014). The second domain shows the Person first and Holistic approach, this domain helps caregivers approach the health services in a holistic manner and provide care, rehabilitation and psychological therapy based on the person-centred needs of the patient (Townsend, 2013). The third domain the report shows the importance of Supporting personal recovery by promoting autonomy and self-determination, focussing on strengths and personal responsibility, collaborative relationships and reflective practice (Slade et al., 2014) . Domain 4 depicts that Organizational commitment and workforce development by recovery by having a vision for better understanding and acceptance of cultural differences and valuing the experience of patient and their families and governance of a workforce that follows these guidelines (LaMontagne et al., 2014). Domain 5 describes the action on social inclusion and the social determinants of health, mental and well being, which supports the activity of inclusion of thee patient in society and minimize the stigmatisation to promote understanding and communal acceptance (Allen et al., 2014). The story of Sandy Jeffs will put the issues regarding lived experience of mental illness and its recovery into perspective in this essay. The woman battled with schizophrenia for seventeen years, since she was twenty-three years old and was under psychiatric review for the same time. She recovered at the age of forty after publishing her first book describing her experience as a mental health patient and the stigmatisation as well as mistreatment she received from people as well as her caregivers. Sandy managed to focus on her creativity and overcome schizophrenia and wrote the book Poems from the Madhouse. In 2010 she wrote her memoir called Flying with paper Wings and won book of the year award in sane Australia. The difficulties of mentally ailing patients are deep rooted and disturbing that needs to be understood and sympathised to provide care for them (Rogers Pilgrim, 2014). Quoting a few lines from Sandys poem, will help the readers reflect on the experiences, these patients feel, My minds eye too vivid or too clouded either too many butterflies in it or do I only have a half- mind to do anything, Im head over heels with a screw loose but cheer up because every mad clown has a sane lining or does every sane cloud have a mad lining, the mad boggles... Patients with mental illness are often treated badly and adverse treatments are enforced upon them without consent, this is a violation of human rights. In her poem called Medicate Sandy says, roll up, roll up, join me on the medication trolley; I had been on it for years, I was like Act alt but bitter syrup, I was him, I sided and mellow and numbed , I was on stelazine, I was like a cat on a hot tin roof, Ive been motivated into shuffle and clozapine into a stupor, our serenade- drowsiness ... (Drew et al., 2011). The general community fails to understand the impact of stigmatisation on mental health battling patients, from Sandys book Stories of Madness, she recalls on the treatment, judgement and stigmatisation she received, being the madwoman, I am also a lunatic, a maddy, a mental-case, a bedlamite, a screwball and nuts a loon, a loony, a madcap, a mad dog, a psychopath, a manic, a lysteric, a psychotic, a manic-depressive, a megalomaniac, a pyromaniac, a kleptomaniac, a crackpot, an eccentric, an oddity... It is important to remember that patients like this need to feel secure to return to sanity and occupational judgement and any form of personal violation will take them from civilization even more. References: Allen, J., Balfour, R., Bell, R., Marmot, M. (2014). Social determinants of mental health.International Review of Psychiatry,26(4), 392-407. Corrigan, P. W., Druss, B. G., Perlick, D. A. (2014). The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,15(2), 37-70. Drew, N., Funk, M., Tang, S., Lamichhane, J., Chvez, E., Katontoka, S., ... Saraceno, B. (2011). Human rights violations of people with mental and psychosocial disabilities: an unresolved global crisis.The Lancet,378(9803), 1664-1675. Hibbard, J. H., Greene, J. (2013). What the evidence shows about patient activation: better health outcomes and care experiences; fewer data on costs.Health affairs,32(2), 207-214. Insel, T. R., Wang, P. S. (2010). Rethinking mental illness.Jama,303(19), 1970-1971. LaMontagne, A. D., Martin, A., Page, K. M., Reavley, N. J., Noblet, A. J., Milner, A. J., ... Smith, P. M. (2014). Workplace mental health: developing an integrated intervention approach.BMC psychiatry,14(1), 131. Martin, J. M. (2010). Stigma and student mental health in higher education.Higher Education Research Development,29(3), 259-274. Rogers, A., Pilgrim, D. (2014).A sociology of mental health and illness. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems.World Psychiatry,13(1), 12-20. Thompson, L., McCabe, R. (2012). The effect of clinician-patient alliance and communication on treatment adherence in mental health care: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry,12(1), 87. Tondora, J., Miller, R., Slade, M., Davidson, L. (2014).Partnering for recovery in mental health: A practical guide to person-centered planning. John Wiley Sons. Townsend, M. C. (2013).Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis. Van Manen, M. (2016).Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. Routledge.

Research Proposal on Water Supply Essay Example

Research Proposal on Water Supply Essay Water supply is the provision of water to the individuals, industrial objects, private and public organizations with the help of the system of pumps and pipes. Water supply depends on the water quality greatly, because the government and the companies which are responsible for the water supply do not have right to provide people with poor quality and dangerous water. There are three essential purposes of water supply. First of all, the water is supplied for the domestic needs. People require pure drinking water, the water for cooking food, washing and laundry and to keep their homes in cleanness. Then, the water is supplied for industrial and technical needs. First of all, the water is used at factories, plants, electric power stations, transport, etc. A great amount of pure water is required for the needs of agriculture, because the quality of water will affect the quality of crops, vegetables and fruit. Finally, the water is used by fire brigades to defeat fire. There are different sources of water supply which are chosen according to the purpose of the supplied water. For example, there are two main types of sources: underground water (is generally pure and is used for drinking; is sold in bottles) and the water on the surface (seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, canals, swamps, icebergs, etc. The system of water supply is quite complicated and varied and is characterized as the complex of buildings and equipment which has to provide the certain group of consumers with the water of the appropriate quantity and quality. Moreover, the system of water supply should be reliable and stable enough to works without interruption all the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Water Supply specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Water Supply specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Water Supply specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem of water supply is a very important topic, because people have got used to receiving water whenever they want, but if there are certain troubles with the system of water supply, they start to understand the importance and the value of water at once. If a student wants to prepare a successful water supply research proposal, he should work hard to complete a logical and interesting paper which contains trustworthy data valuable for the further research if the professor approves the proposal. A student should be ready to work out a brief logical paper which describes the purpose of the research in the convincing manner and if a student wants to learn how to prepare a persuasive piece of writing, he will need to look through a well-organized free example research proposal on water supply in the Internet. Due to existence of the free sample research proposals on water supply in the web students can see the standards and the writing requirements on the direct examples and prepare successful papers on the basis of this assistance. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Water Supply topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

A Beginners Guide to Delphi

A Beginners Guide to Delphi Our  Delphi Programming site proudly presents free online programming courses for (beginner) Delphi developers! Quick Launch Turbo Delphi Tutorial: For Novice and Non-ProgrammersThis series of tutorials is oriented to those who want to take their chance in the world of software development, it is designed to teach the complete beginner (read: non-programmer) how to become a programmer using Delphi.Delphi for BeginnersThis free online course is perfect for beginner developers as well as for those who want a broad overview of the art of programming Win32 applications with Borland Delphi. Focus on Delphi 6.Delphi Database Programming. You can take this as an Email CourseDevelopers will learn how to design, develop and test a database application using ADO with Delphi. This course focuses on the most common uses of ADO in a Delphi application: Connecting to a database using TADOConnection, work with Tables and Queries, handle database exception, create reports, etc.Learning Object Oriented Programming with DelphiExplore the true power of Delphi OOP: learn how to create your own classes, instantiate objects at runtime, use association, composition and other OOP topics. Using the TDBGrid componentContrary to most other Delphi data-aware controls, the DBGrid component has many nice features and is more powerful than you would have thought. The standard DBGrid does its job of displaying and manipulating records from a dataset in a tabular grid. However, there are many ways (and reasons) why you should consider customizing the look and feel of a DBGrid...Creating Custom ComponentsEverything about creating custom controls and components in Delphi. The ultimate source. From tutorials for starters to more advanced materials.Introduction to COM ProgrammingCOM stands for Component Object Model. It allows you to create COM objects that are not specific to any language, and in some cases, even platforms. For instance, COM objects can be ported to a Unix system. COM also allows you to create COM Objects that will be instantiated on a different machine across the world if you so desired.(Fast Forward to) Delphi for .NETHeres a series of articles designed with o ne goal in mind: to provide a quick and dirty introduction to the world of .NET programming with Delphi. If you are looking for what you need to know about Delphi for .NET - search no further! ASP.NET Web ProgrammingDevelopers will learn how to design, develop and debug ASP.Net web application using Borland Delphi for .Net. The chapters will cover the fundamental elements of creating Web applications (working with Web Forms, Web Services, and User Controls) using Delphi, including the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and the Delphi for .Net language.Windows API (no VCL) SeriesThis free online course is perfect for intermediate Delphi developers as well as for those who want a broad overview of the art of Windows API programming with Borland Delphi.

International Financial Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Financial Manager - Essay Example Although IFMs are not really expert bankers however they could work in different roles across all of the business and support functions of the HSBC Group such as the Commercial Banking, Retail Banking and Wealth Management, Insurance, Global Private Banking, Risk Management, Global Banking and Markets, Audit and Operations. The International Financial Manager should be flexible since the financial assignments and projects are driven according to the business requirements. An IFM could be a fresh MBA or a management or finance professional seeking to take a next step in his or her career. As an IFM at HSBC, one should be able to: †¢Ã‚  Demonstrate leadership qualities.†¢Ã‚  Commit to the ongoing global mobility across the career path.†¢Ã‚  Develop a clear understanding of the challenges and opportunities related to the changing roles at regular intervals.†¢Ã‚  Make an immediate impact irrespective of the current level or status of the job.HSBC provides a highly com petitive remuneration package and benefits to its International Financial Managers that include: †¢Ã‚  The International Financial Managers at HSBC strive to encourage the potential business community all over the world to invest in their financial services and products.   In doing so, they need to show to the investors that the bank possesses adequate value of Owner’s Equity and retained earnings for funding in its future progress and that HSBC has been able to maintain its liabilitie. They should also focus on operation efficiency since it is the key factor.

World War 1 and how it impacted the world today Essay

World War 1 and how it impacted the world today Politically,Geographically and Economically - Essay Example The war that took place between 1914 and 1918 cased immeasurable destruction of human beings, immense loss of properties, as well as impacting heavily on political, social, and economy of the world. It should be noted that the war led to the emergence of the scientific evolution of capitalism and subsequent progress in scientific fields that later led to the introduction and development of information technology concerning war including technologically propelled missiles. In terms of social segregation, it is reported that the First World War that lasted for a period of four years led to the death of eighty lakhs of persons to countless being wounded. It is also noted that between eight and ten lakh of people were missing because of the war. In many counties, this war led to abolishment of monarchies thereby leading to the introduction of the contemporary democratic governments that many countries are still fighting for until to date2. The war led to the understanding of the signific ance of the human right that initiated to other civil wars. The understanding of the human right led and still leads to the emergence of civil right authorities that are constituted mainly to fight for human rights in places or countries that such are felt to be lacking. Lots of money was spent to facilitate the war and this led to immense deterioration of the world’s economy an effect that is being felt in the form of current global recession. At the end of the war, the prices of articles among other commodities went up thereby leading to starvation that stalked the world since the end of the war. The expensive nature of life made different governments to restrict prices of different commodities. This made some governments richer than others while others were being exploited thereby becoming much poorer3. Moreover, governments imposed huge taxes on their subject. Notably, the effects of the World War 1 led to the great recession that made many nations suffer until to date. T here was great demand for food and clothes among other commodities for war, these were never supplied to meet needed demands; therefore, at the end of the war, many factories and mills were established to supply these commodities especially in preparation to any other war since the war led to mistrust between nations. These factories and mills among other industries led to the creation of the workers’ movements that were created to solve problems between the employers and workers. In other words, these movements were recognized to be fighting for the rights of workers. Such movements have lasted until in the contemporary world where they are being recognized as unions of works. 4Currently, these unions are immensely powerful that they can lead to temporary halting of the processes and operation of any organization that grossly infringe or interferes with the rights of the workers. Additionally, the World War 1 burdened many countries that for many years the path of progress o f many nations remained impeded. The war led to mistrust between nations making many nations to remain secretive in their operations especially in their security details. Some nations process weapons in the readiness in any war that might have cropped afterwards. Notably, the effects of the world war one led to the Second World War that involved the use of more sophisticated weapons than those in the First World War. For instance, Japan used nuclear warheads in the Second World War and this influenced negatively on human health for generations. It should also be noted that the aftermath of the First World War that led to enmity between the Middle East and America that led to the emergence of

Main dynamics driving the development of the modern state Coursework

Main dynamics driving the development of the modern state - Coursework Example In the current context of globalisation, the concept of State autonomy has been subjected to scrutiny, as regards financial and commercial activities (Cudworth, Hall and McGovern, 2008). Owing to these issues, scholars have started analysing the dynamics behind development and origins of the modern state, in order to comprehend the underlying processes and its future shape. This essay review the various dynamics that played a major role during development of the modern state, including the institutionalist, economic and security approaches, and connects these varied approaches to developing an understanding on the concept of modern statehood. Recent studies have emphasised the necessity of analysing the origin and subsequent development of a modern state, primarily owing to the hypothesis that a contemporary State has reached its peak and hence would start declining henceforth. Increasing powers of multinational organisations like World Trade Organization and supranational bodies suc h as European Union indicate an end to the nations-state’s authoritative power (Pierson, 2012). From this viewpoint, state sovereignty is shifting to supranational and multilateral levels of authority (Rosenau and Czempiel, 1992). At the same time, there are reports of states breaking apart into small and fragmented entities. A number of states that appeared as logical territorial bodies, have rapidly fallen apart and the centrifugal forces have not remained restricted only to developing nations, where there might be suppositions that ethnic unrest would arise naturally within the arti?cially imposed borders created by their former colonial rulers and post-independence weak economic conditions. However, developed socialist and capitalist states have also fallen prey to the centrifugal forces and broken apart, such as Soviet Union and Canada (where Quebecois lost a mandate or else territorial integrity of the country would have faced a serious challenges). In the post-Cold War era, there seem to be an uneasy co-existence of centrifugal forces and collective dynamics, and it is essential to examine the methods of historical transitions that help one to draw insights into the modern state and its current form. Development of modern state through warfare: an important dynamics that played a major role in development of modern state is the impact of warfare on the capacity of a state. During the fourteenth century, military technology started changing remarkably, where heavy and mounted cavalry (archetype of feudal warfare) were slowly removed, which led to the decline in the superiority of the mounted knight (Contamine, 1984). The widening scope of war also led to the formation of standing armies and various mercenary contingents, which forced the rulers to raise greater taxes for funding such armies. This transformation greatly helped royal administration to expand while causing a sharp rise in taxes levied on the common people (Ames and Rapp, 1977). The F rench Revolution brought in further changes where the government, instead of depending on large mercenary forces, looked at mobilising an entire national population to rise and revolt against ruling authority. Soon, other states such as, Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia, after observing transformations in France, changed their army framework and the Ratchet effects swept all over Europe. The scholars that stress on warfare transformation as a major reason for emergence of modern state primarily focus on the dynamics at macro levels that put pressure at systemic levels (Webber and Wildavsky 1986). Recently, scholars have also analysed this cause at a micro-level, where it was derived that military contexts brought forth

According to alderman

According to alderman According to Alderman (1999), motivation can be influenced by self-perception (Zimmerman, 2000). Self-perception can destroy ones motivation to accomplish a given task based on the belief that the ability to do the task is lacking; or the motivation is suppressed because of the belief that the task lacks challenging components (Alderman, 1999; Bandura, 1997; Calder Staw, 1975). Research indicates that students perceive themselves as more, the more challenging the goals they pursue will be (Zimmerman, Bandura Martinez-Pons, 1992). According to Zimmerman (2000), research during the past two decades has revealed that self-efficacy is a highly successful predictor of a students motivation and learning. Self-efficacy is a performance-based measure of ones perceived ability and therefore differs theoretically from motivational constructs such as outcome expectations or self-concept (Zimmerman, 2000). Frequently, the terms self-efficacy and self concept are misunderstood to have the same meaning. Self-efficacy pertains to ones perceived abilities to accomplish a specific task; whereas, self concept is a composite look at oneself believed to have been formed from ones experiences and accepted evaluations from family and / or friends. Self-concept and self-efficacy may both be used outside the context of learning (Bandura, 1997; Zimmerman, 2000). The role self-efficacy plays in ones motivation and attitude toward language learning is an important one having influence on ones performance (Bandura, 1997; DÃ ¶rnyei, 2001a; Ehrman, 1996). When looking at language learning many learners feel they have to be risk-takers because their self is put before others to perform. Those with low self- efficacy perceive tasks of difficulty as threats; these are people that dwell on their deficiencies and remember the obstacles they encounter when pursuing challenging tasks (DÃ ¶rnyei, 2001a). There is a reason for connecting the concept of self-efficacy with the motivation to learn an additional language. For students to be able to focus on the task of learning with all their might and determination, they must have a healthy view of themselves as learners (DÃ ¶rnyei, 2001). Although prior successes combined with other general measures of ones ability are considered exemplary predictors of achievement, (Zimmerman, 2000) many studies suggest that self-efficacy beliefs add to the predictability of these measures. One such study was that of students self-monitoring. The findings pointed to the fact that the efficacious students monitored their working time more effectively and were more persistent. The study also indicated the more efficacious students to be better at solving problems than inefficacious students of equal aptitude (Zimmerman, 2000). Zimmerman Bandura (1994) did a path analytic study for writing and found that self-efficacy for writing was a considerable predictor of college students standards for the quality of writing measured as self-satisfying. The self-efficacy beliefs also motivated the students use of learning strategies. According to Zimmerman Martinez- Pons (1992), there was a substantial relation between efficacy beliefs and strategy use across the grade levels being studied. The greater the motivation and self-regulation of learning in students with a high self-efficacy the higher the academic achievement according to a range of measures. (Zimmerman, 2000, p. 88) Another study Zimmerman (2000) notes illustrates a finding of an overall effect size of .38 which this indicates that self-efficacy accounts for approximately 14% of the variance in students academic outcome across various sets of student samples and criterion measures. Concerning the effects of perceived self-efficacy on persistence, resear ch has shown that it influences the learners skill acquisition by increasing persistence (Schunk, 1981; 2003; Zimmerman, 2000). Observably, self-efficacy plays a mediational role in motivation, persistence and academic achievement. The findings signify evidence of the validity of self-efficacy beliefs and their influence on a students method of learning and motivational process (Zimmerman, 2000).

History of Frogs :: essays papers

History of Frogs A Frog is a small, tail less animal that has bulging eyes. Almost all frogs have long back legs. The strong hind legs make the frog able to leap farther than the length of its body. Frogs live on every continent except Antarctica, but tropical regions have the greatest number of species. Frogs are classified as amphibians. Most amphibians, including most frogs, spend part of their life as a water animal and part as a land animal. Frogs are related to toads, but are different from them in a few ways. The giant frog of west-central Africa ranks as the largest frog. It measures nearly a foot (30 centimeters) long. The smallest species grow only 1/2 inch (1.3 centimeters) long. Frogs also differ in color. Most kinds are green or brown, but some have colorful markings. Although different species may vary in size or color, almost all frogs have the same basic body structure. They have large hind legs, short front legs, and a flat head and body with no neck. Adult frogs have no tail, though one North American species has a short, tail like structure. Most frogs have a sticky tongue attached to the front part of the mouth. They can rapidly flip out the tongue to capture prey. Frogs have such internal organs as a heart, liver, lungs, and kidneys. Some of the internal organs differ from those of higher animals. A frog's heart has three chambers instead of four. And although adult frogs breathe by means of lungs, they also breathe through their skin. The eggs of different species vary in size, color, and shape. A jelly like substance covers frog eggs, providing a protective coating. This jelly also differs from species to species. Some species of frogs lay several thousand eggs at a time. But only a few of these eggs develop into adult frogs. Ducks, fish, insects, and other water creatures eat many of the eggs. Even if the eggs hatch, the tadpoles also face the danger of being eaten by larger water animals. The pond or stream in which the eggs were laid sometimes dries up. As a result, the tadpoles die. Certain tropical frogs lay their eggs in rain water that collects among the leaves of plants or in holes in trees. Other tropical species attach their eggs to the underside of leaves that grow over water.

Art: Birth of the Virgin

Description In Pietro Lorenzetti’s triptych, Birth of the Virgin, the artist’s gift for pictorial illusionism is clearly evident. The painting is 6’1’‘X5’11’’ in dimensions and painted with tempera on wood. Lorenzetti enhances the illusion by using various vertical lines as well as painting a column through one of the figures. This creates an illusion of extended space within the painting. Lorenzetti uses shades of red, brown, green, black and blue. The clothing of the figures are darker in shade compared to the background of the scene which is painted in tints of yellow and white. The contrast each other very well and draws more attention to the subject of the painting, Saint Anne. The strong contrast between the light and dark colors of the painting create a three dimensional illusion. Lorenzetti uses the tints of white and yellow to contrast the the wardrobe and appearance of the figures. The artist also used extensive shading on the wardrobe and curtains to add a three dimensional appearance to the painting. Lorenzetti was successful in creating depth within his painting for it shows the room as three dimensional rather that two dimensional. Overall, the colors truly create a sense of drama within this painting. The subject of the triptych, St. Anne, is in a reclining posture. There are three scenes within this painting. First, we see the child informing Joachim on the birth of his daughter. We also see women bringing gifts to the new mother. Lastly, the midwives attend to and wash the new child. The painting has two triangular aspects in this painting with St. Anne at its highest point and also the dome at the top of the triptych as another high point.

Pride and Prejudice Essay

Pride and Prejudice Essay Pride and Prejudice Essay Pride and Prejudice Essay: the Critical View on the Paper For the first time, I read the book Pride and Prejudice of Jane Austen in 1997. At that moment I didnt know this book considered as the best authors book about love. Today I understand that a lot of modern writers could learn the narration style of Austin and her ability to neglect the unnecessary details in description. The novel Pride and Prejudice is easy, understandable and catchy story, which takes the readers breath away form the first pages. And it is not a big surprise that the literature masterpiece was filmed numerous times. Let us imagine that we got the assignment to write an essay about that artwork. How can we cope with that task? Just follow the recommended steps and everything will be fine. Pride and Prejudice essay: Define the Conception In other words, you think up the purpose of your essay. Remember, that essay requires the purpose identification and the explanation of the topic from various points of view. Backing to Pride and Prejudice essay we can choose the appropriate topic, in the question form. For example, how does the film interpretation differ from the original book?, or, What are the main similarities and differences between the movie and the original book? The topic should be modern, laconic and actual. When you compose the introduction do not forget to put the thesis. Pride and Prejudice essay: Main Body and Topics Description Then you start to describe the main topic. When you ask the question, be ready to answer it with a due argumentation. You present your critical view both on the movie and the book, describe, how the characters from film imitated the characters from the story? Did they fail or succeed in this task? How did the director see and meet the standards of Jane Austens book? What kind of values the author tried to show, and how did it present in the movie? Anyway, show your fantasy and wit, and do not forget to answer all the issues. Pride and Pre judice essay: Outcome In the end of your work, you make a clear conclusion: for instance, you may describe the role of the book and the value of movie for the next generation. Express your last main opinion in order to finalize the article. Do not forget to check your Pride and Prejudice essay up! It will be a shame, if you fail during the examination.

Beyond The Writers Market Seven Ways to Find New Magazines

Beyond The Writers Market Seven Ways to Find New Magazines Feel like you’re out of ideas to pitch the magazines you know? Then find new magazines. There are more magazines out there than you can imagine. Despite what you may have heard, new titles continue to evolve (over 130 in 2017 alone,  Statista reports).You’ve dogs include Modern Materials Handling and Industrial Heating. Due to their more specialized target audiences, trades tend to pay well.Another little-known but great-paying type of glossy are company magazines, known in the mag trade as custom pubs. The best-known of these is  Costco Connection  magazine, along with all the airlines’ in-flight mags, but there are more. Find more at the  Custom Content Council’s  site with its handy members’ directory search tab to sort

Based on your reading of The Death of Woman Wang,describle and analyze Essay

Based on your reading of The Death of Woman Wang,describle and analyze how Confucian ideals are ever present to all levels of Ch - Essay Example According to Confucius, society could become stable only when the five basic relationships are being fulfilled which are, the relation of Love (among father and son), relationship of righteousness (among emperor and minister), relationship of virtuous demeanor (among husband and wife), relationship of order (among elder and younger) and relationship of faithfulness (among friends).If we closely administer these virtues, we see that out of the five, three occur in the family system. He was the great devotee of the family system and it is also the basis of today’s family system in China (Spence pp134-139). The family system has an extended impact on the whole town, city and society of China. The order is strictly followed as, for instance, younger has to obey the elder whether the elder is from his family or from outside the family. Even today, Chinese people pay special respect to their elders (Spence pp 74-96). The death of woman Wang is a piece of literature that provides a h igh exposure to Chinese norms, society and cultural values back in the seventeenth century. According to Spence, the obligation of the people to the government is very high. To support the government, they have to pay taxes. Even when there were natural calamities, the people of the village had to pay taxes. The rule of the emperor is to be judged by the virtue and it is not hereditary. According to Confucius, the ruler must rule wisely and with moral attitudes. The ruler should be just in his working and virtue must be his core conduct. If the society is being ruled by a wise and just leader and ruler, the society is harmonized, stable and flourishing and it cultivates moral and ethical values. When the government understood the condition of the village, firstly they divided the tax in installments and later on forgave the taxes to be paid. But it was too late (Spence pp 33-58). The modern Chinese society is prospering mainly due to the autonomy that their political system provides . Chinese production market, for instance, is growing at a remarkable pace. The government provides the basic necessities to their citizens at low costs. The rulers, hence, are following the principles of Confucius wisely and with high moral attitude. Conscious considered woman as morally and intellectually defective. He was the strong opponent of women subordination. Regardless of this fact, the principles he provided were significantly influential in maintaining harmony, peace and stability in an economy. In ‘the story of woman Wang’ women are portrayed as liable to perform household chores. As a widow, they are given high value and respect if they remain loyal to their husbands even after he passes away. Women are severely punished, in Spence’s accounts, if they use their right to freely move around, choose their partners or try to change their lives. They are punished and eventually killed by one or the other men in Chinese society of 17th century. However, t he modern Chinese society regards female counterparts as respectful, loveable and respectful yet free to make choices. The Chinese society and the business market is an open case of female participation except households. The households and other family related issues, however, still work under women supervision and women are still held responsible for household works. Filial Piety is yet another value of Confucius. Confucius is also heard of saying â€Å"

A Real Career Opportunity in the Criminal Justice Field Essay

A Real Career Opportunity in the Criminal Justice Field - Essay Example There are many responsibilities of a real Crime Scene Investigator and it is not, always, like the ones you have seen on television. They have a very relevant and serious position to hold. They are expected to, generally, be available and on-call at all hours, 24 hours a day, when necessary. After all, crime scenes do not necessarily occur between the normal business hours of a typical work day.   They must aid detectives in securing the evidence from contamination, reconstructing events, gathering evidence, photographs, and making certain that  the evidence collected is sent to the correct locations for examination and analysis. A Crime Scene Investigator is, also, required to have strong communication skills, ability to remain composed, and a heightened sense of organization. They are, on occasion, asked to testify in court should the cases they are involved with go to trial. Becoming a Crime Scene Investigator requires a background in criminal justice is important and further education.. However, finding the training needed is available at a large number of schools, as the popularity of the field increased over the last decade.    A Bachelors Degree is attainable and with so much potential growth the education is abundantly worthwhile. Crime Scene Investigation offers a promising income with room for increase and future growth. The United States average for the yearly earnings of Crime Scene Investigator is, approximately, $51,570, which averages to be, just shy of, $25 per hour. In fairness, a new, freshly graduated, CSI would make somewhat less, dependent upon location, with the potential of promotions, as well as, a greater income. The statistics show that there are anticipated career opportunities as a Crime Scene Investigator, along with other positions within the forensic science fields, that will increase, at least, 19% between 2010 and 2020.("Forensic science technicians," 2012) This offers a lot of potential for current students within the fie ld that there is the likelihood that after they have graduated there will still be a steady demand for those graduates with these skills. In this troubled economic time and the continuing United States unemployment crisis, which many people are still suffering through, a future with continuing growth and opportunity is encouraging. There is, also, another advantage to entering the field during its heightened popularity, is that the field will change as technology and the sciences change. Participating in the field now is a wonderful chance to be involved in those changes and possess the most current, advanced, and needed skills within the field. Granted, that Crime Scene Investigation has a lot to offer as a career, but it does have one, particular, negative element that is its only real drawback.

The most important causes of the Protestant Reformation Essay

The most important causes of the Protestant Reformation - Essay Example One of the most important reasons for Protestant Reformation was religious one. The greed to money, drunkenness and fornication became constant companions for Church representatives. The great degradation of the priesthood's and monks' morality took place. Not all priests kept the vow of celibacy, thus they were engaged in sexual intercourse. Such a phenomena was spread not just among the ordinary priests, but also among the papacy. In addition, corruption in Church was common-spread. Popes skillfully played on the religious feelings of ordinary people taking advantage of their ignorance and lack of knowledge of the Scriptures. That is why the sale of indulgences was introduced on various occasions. Finally, there were some doctrinal reasons for reforms (Hillerbrand, 34). It was caused by Church teaching about salvation, which changed rapidly comparing to the early Christian and biblical views. Instead of preaching the gospel that Jesus Christ atoned for the sins of the people and ga ve them the gift of forgiveness and eternal life through faith, the priesthood introduced the indulgences, using which the enter to the kingdom of God was being sold. In addition, some social and economic reasons for the Reformation existed. While the biblical texts, as well as works of Augustine, various pamphlets, leaflets began to spread widely among intellectuals and ordinary people, the discontent grew, because people, while reading the Word of God and comparing it with what the priests taught, found contradictions.

Ethnicity and Education Essay Example for Free

Ethnicity and Education Essay Most studies found that overall ethnic minorities tend to do less well than other members of the population when it comes to educational achievement. The government sponsored â€Å"Swann report† found that â€Å"Asians† did almost as well as â€Å"Whites† however not as well, one Asian group in particular the â€Å"Bangladeshi’s† did particularly badly and â€Å"West Indians† preformed considerably worse than â€Å"Whites†. Many factors which occur inside the school are the cause of educational achievement however other factors contribute. The expectations of teachers on ethnic minorities have caused differences in educational achievement. Bernard Coard believes that teachers expect â€Å"Black† children to fail therefore labelling the child as a failure. Interactionalists are concerned with how teachers â€Å"pidgeonhole† students this is the labelling theory, this is where the teacher makes a judgement of the child based on the child’s appearance, behaviour, previous family members and relationships with other students. However most labels are based on stereotypes rather than evidence, the reality is that once a label starts it is difficult to get rid of and this can cause problems for a student’s educational achievement. Teachers will discuss the students label in the staff room and other teachers will attach the same label to the child and this can lead to the child not being allowed to attend school trips. If a student is labelled as a failure by a teacher then the teacher is likely to put the student into a lower tier exam thus the pupil can only achieve a maximum of a grade C and can’t achieve to the best of their ability. When a student is labelled as a failure the student can begin to believe that the label is true and begin to make it part of their part of their identity, become a failure this is known as the self-fulfilling prophecy thus creating ethnic differences in educational achievement within the school system. David Hardgreves argues that anti school sub cultures can be formed as a result of negative labelling. However Maureen Stone and Swann both indicate that those who are labelled may not accept their labels. Institutional Racism within schools can lead to educational achievement and the differences it causes within ethnic minorities. The â€Å"Swann report† found that a small number of teachers are consciously racist however there are a great deal of teachers who are â€Å"unintentionally† racist. Bernard Coard states that the British educational system makes children become educationally subnormal he states that â€Å"West Indian children are told that their language is second rate and unacceptable† he states that within the British educational system the word â€Å"White† is associated with â€Å"good† and the word â€Å"Black† with evil. Coard also states that the attitudes portrayed in the classroom are reinforced by the pupils outside of the classroom. Many sociologists would also argue that the mispronunciation of student’s names and not learning them can be classed as racism within the school system. Cecile Wright found that majority of staff are committed to ideals of equality but despite these ideals there are still considerable amounts of discrimination in the classroom. Asian children were often excluded from discussions and teachers expressed an â€Å"open disapproval of their customs and traditions†, these comments from teachers made Asian children feel more isolated from other pupils. Martin Hammersley found that racist comments in the staffroom did not lead to racism in the classroom. J. Taylor found that â€Å"most teachers are concerned to have a fair policy towards the treatment of black pupils†. Mac an Ghaill studied 25 afro Caribbean and Asian students studying A levels. He found that â€Å"although they disagreed over the extent of racism within education, this did not directly determine their attitude to education and their levels of academic success. The way that students responded to schooling varied and this was influenced by their ethnic group†. This could eventually lead to the formation of anti-school sub cultures. These are pupils who have rejected some or all of the values and rules set down in the school ethos. Peter Woods identified 8 different groups ranging from Ingratiation total conformity to Rebellion outright rejection of school rules and values. This can cause ethnic differences in educational achievement within the school system. The Ethocentric curriculum can cause ethnic differences in educational achievement this is the school being biased towards one particular culture. Many sociologists argue that the curriculum is geared towards white middle class students. The curriculum is set in place for white middle class students and this means that ethnic minorities will not understand the curriculum and will fall behind and not do well thus leading to educational underachievement. Parents from ethnic minorities may not be able to afford or have the right experience to make an informed choice on the best school to suit their children’s needs whereas middle class parents have the money and correct experience to make an informed decision on the best school for their child. Ethnic differences in educational achievement are the result of school factors however other factors have significance. Material Deprivation is the effect poverty has on educational achievement. Poorer parents from ethnic minorities may not be able to provide their children with the educational toys needed such as computers. Cramped housing means less space to study. High rate of illness can lead to missing days of school. Children from poorer backgrounds may need to contribute to the financial running of the home thus getting part time jobs which will affect their studies and will leave school at the earliest opportunity to start work. Harker states that overcrowding causes a negative effect on educational achievement which can cause differences in ethnic minorities which can cause bullying and truancy. Cultural Deprivation is the term used to describe serious inadequacies in the socialisation process and its effects on educational achievement. Poor parenting means children underachieving in education. Many sociologists argue that ethnic minorities tend to be more fatalistic meaning that parents tend to have low aspirations and expectations for their child meaning less emphasis is placed on doing well in education. Whereas â€Å"White† middle classes would have high aspirations and high expectations. Socialisation focuses on the values, expectations and norms transmitted from parents to children. Children from Ethnic tend to focus on immediate gratification where they try to reep their rewards at the earliest opportunity such as leaving school at 16 to earn money. Whereas â€Å"White† middle class children aim for a bright future described as deferred gratification which is putting off short term rewards to gain better rewards in the future. Cultural Deprivation can affect the way parents prepare their children for school. Working class children would sit and watch T. V. whereas middle class parents would take their children to museums. Driver and Ballard state that high achievement in Asian groups may be linked to the fact that they live in close knit families that can help each other. Price highlighted a high rate of single parent families in black Caribbean communities which may explain high underachievement. Linguistic Deprivation is the ability to use appropriate language which is an important factor in educational success. Bernstein came up with two codes of language Restricted and Elaborate codes. The Restricted code is used in casual situations. This is limited vocabulary and Simplistic grammar which can only be understood if you are aware of this topic. The Elaborate code is used in formal situations. This is sophisticated grammar and vocabulary and can be understood if aware of the topic. Bernstein found that White middle class children had the ability to switch between the two codes whereas children from ethnic minorities were limited to using the restricted code. This means they are severely disadvantaged in education where the language is all formal. In conclusion, it is probable that a number of factors work together in producing the lower levels of achievement found in some ethnic groups. The Swann report concluded that racial discrimination inside and outside school along with social deprivation were probably the main factors. Others would add that cultural factors also play some part in explaining the differences.

How Cultivation Theory Applies To Racial Problems Media Essay

How Cultivation Theory Applies To Racial Problems Media Essay Introduction American cartoons comprise the most popular film product industry for children worldwide, and have gained considerable attention in terms of educating children. As an excellent medium for storytelling, children learn the basic concepts of what the world is like and what love and ethics are from the fairy tales they watch. I am currently studying one of the communication theories, namely, cultivation theory. American cartoons, particularly Disney movies, are classic objects of study. The cultivation theory developed by George Gerbner and Larry Gross of the University of Pennsylvania states that the more time people spend living in the television world, the more likely they are to believe the social reality portrayed on television. Therefore, heavy television viewers have a higher estimation for a particular social reality (e.g., violence, prostitution, affluence, occupation, and marital discord) than what real-world phenomena can justify. Thus, to make the theory applicable to the real world, the study emphasizes the harm that television shows might bring to people. In my opinion, early education is essential to the development of an individuals personality; it also determines his/her later ideology. Thus, the effects of cartoons on childrens self development are worth studying. American cartoons and animation movies have benefits, particularly in teaching children the values of honesty, bravery, and friendship, and the fact that justice and good will triumph over evil. However, we can also see that the protagonists often use violence to defeat evil. Along with violence, gender problems and religious issues also show up in most films more than we think, and children learn about them without guidance. Children could easily confuse reality and fantasy, particularly in our current society where parents who are busy with work and socializing use video games and television shows as substitute companions for their children. In a nutshell, studying American cartoons is crucial for us because they may drastically affect childrens upbringing by presenting negative messages. The cultivation theory deeply focuses on the effects of violence on the behavior of people. In this paper, I will analyze the issue of racial discrimination in cartoons to make the study of the cultivation theory more complete. Discrimination is another essential topic that has been largely neglected due to the focus on violence in cartoons. Literature Review Dixon (2006) believes that heavy viewers of television are more likely to think that an African-American suspect is guilty; they also view the world as a more dangerous place than it actually is. Television encourages violence and aggression. Durkin (1985) supports the view that children obtain information on gender roles and racial views from television and model their behaviors based on television characterization. Gerbner describe the process of blurring, blending, and bending that is experienced by individuals with heavy viewing habits. (Griffin, 2011). Heavy television viewers create a common outlook through constant exposure to the same images and labels. In movies, the heroes and the victims are always fair-skinned, whereas the criminals or villains are always black- or dark-skinned. Mastro and Stern (2003) add that races other than whites are under-represented, negatively depicted, and are often targets of mockery. From Larsons theory, the more children watch television programs, the more likely they are to develop and entertain more traditional gender and racial stereotypes based on what they view in the media (Larson, 2002). Waver (2011) analyzes racial related-phenomena in American movies and finds that the race of the actors clearly affects the desires of white audience members to see the films. The higher the percentage of black actors in the movie, the less interested white individuals were in seeing the movie.   Analysis Most Disney movies feature gorgeous princesses, including The Little Mermaid, Snow White, and Rapunzel, who are all depicted as Caucasians. The princess in the film The Princess and the Frog was dark-skinned but her prince was a white man. Most heroes in these movies are all fair-skinned, but the skin tones of the villains are diverse. In the movies, the storylines usually start with a white man who breaks into a new cultural environment, changes the locals points of view and customs, and leads them defeat the bad guy, after which he becomes the hero. Tarzan even became king of the forest. This stereotype exists in numerous American movies. According to the cultivation theory, children may subconsciously develop behavioral stereotypes, although what they view could be biased, distorted or misleading (Oliver, 2001 , Smith, 1994). American cartoon movies also add their own value to foreign cultures, which may adversely affect childrens knowledge of the actual status of other nations. For instance, the song of the Disney movie Aladdin (1992) used inappropriate words to describe the hometown of Aladdin. In the song, the words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦where they cut off your ear if they dont like your face. Its barbaric, but hey, its home offended the Arab Americans, who believed that the lyrics are a misrepresentation of the Arab culture and should be removed. In 1993, the New York Times published a critique of the said movie, which was entitled It is racism, but hey, its Disney. The article pointed out that To characterize an entire region with this sort of tongue-in-cheek bigotry, especially in a movie aimed at children, borders on barbaric (New York Times, 1993). Another Disney movie, Mulan, twisted certain facts of the Chinese culture. In the movie, Mulan was characterized as an independent, liberal woman who suggeste d to that the princesses chase love bravely. Although this is an accepted idea in modern society and could be deemed proper by most people, it is not the real ideology in ancient China; it is not part true history and real tradition. In another animation movie, Pocahontas, the love story was exaggerated and deviated from what actually occurred in history. The contents of some American cartoons are more suited to adults. For instance, the show South Park features sarcasm, dirty words, and improper content that could easily be misunderstood by children. In an episode in the 11th season of the show With Apologies to Jesse Jackson, the word nigger was used 43 times. Although the purpose of this episode was not to humiliate black people, as the episode was in fact highly accepted by blacks, children may misconstrue the purpose of this cartoon and learn a new word that they could abuse. Another Disney movie entitled Song of the South featured a song called Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah, which won the Oscar for Original Score in 1946. However, the movie had racist tendencies when viewed from the criterion of today. The story takes place in the South after the Civil War, and Uncle Remus, a freed slave, tells stories to children and makes them laugh. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. viewed the portrayal of the happy life as a slave with suspicion and posited that it is humiliating to minorities. Disney did not publish the DVD in the United States to avoid eliciting resentment from the public. à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ Griffin (2000) describes the effects that media can have on the audience as being similar to a cue ball. The effect of the cue ball exists regardless of the distance of the cue ball to the other balls. A similar effect can be seen in the posters of most movies, where the characters outlook is already published before the audience even sees the movie. For instance, in the movie Aladdin, the skin tones of Aladdin and Jasmine are fairer than those of the other people in the movie, and Jafars appearance could already give a general impression of his villainy even before the movie is viewed. Fair skin can thus be mistakenly connected to purity and kindness, whereas black or dark skin could be associated with criminality and craftiness. The problem is not limited to movies alone. The audience has its own personal interest, which causes the racial issue in movies to become an infinite loop. According to the study by Weaver in 2011, white people are more inclined to choose movies with white cast members than movies with cast members from other races, thereby decreasing opportunities for white children to see more movies from different aspects, as well as the opportunities for them to change their stereotypes. White audience members that practice selective avoidance if they perceive that a film has a black theme is precisely the concern that black actors such as Will Smith have expressed, especially when it comes to romantic leads in movies (Jones, 2005). Last year, only two of the 30 highest grossing films featured major non-white characters. According to the cultivation theory, when audience members repeatedly view the same scenario from various television shows and movies, they will associate it with the outside world in their mind. Racism is a phenomenon that cannot be completely eliminated, particularly in a country with so many ethnicities, such as the United States. The high rate of positive roles that white people portray indicates the constancy of racism in the future. Conclusion Children from all over the world watch Disney and other American cartoons. Thus, these movies and shows have far-reaching effects. Growing up exposed to many classic and fantastic stories have kept children well entertained and educated, as they come to appreciate the stories being told and the excellent techniques and artwork used in the telling. The positive influences that these movies have on children are undeniably more immense than the negative influences, as they teach children to be independent, tough, and patriotic. Advocating liberty, human rights, and American ideology is necessary for a nation to unite and educate people. However, praising American culture while criticizing others is not respectful. Racism is not a concept that children should learn. We can strengthen their idea of equality by using the cultivation theory, which could result in a decrease in conflicts between races, genders, and other issues. As embodied in the cultivation theory, when television predominates the lives of children, its influence can permeate the behavior, language, thoughts, and actions of children. Moreover, negative messages tend to be received more easily than positive messages. Thus, the effects of media on children should be studied, and possible modifications should be introduced. Recent American cartoons already manifest some changes. For instance, the main character in the movie Megamind has blue skin, and the classic image of the superhero is the one being mocked. An upcoming movie entitled Escape From Planet Earth will feature stories of several blue characters. Guidance from parents is also essential in eliminating or mitigating the influence of cultivation effect on children. A childs knowledge of the world and his ability to tell right from wrong are not yet mature, so parents can help their children understand what is on screen by explaining the contents of television shows to them. The movie rating system should be used worldwide. The cultivation theory also clearly posits that the cultivation effect occurs only after long-term, cumulative exposure to television (Weimann2000). Thus, decreasing the amount of time children spend watching television is also necessary.

Students and School Uniforms Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students and School Uniforms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The implication of school uniforms on the public school system would make a dramatic positive change for the students now and in the future. Currently the public school system allows casual dress code attire throughout the United States. Differing from private school institutions, where uniforms are mandatory. School uniforms are beneficial to the students and to the parents of these students. Secondly, uniforms provide structure and unity within the schools. Lastly, school uniforms make the environment in which the students conduct in for approximately 6 – 7 hrs. of their day a safer place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How much does it cost to dress for school? The prices in the fashion market targeted to school age children are on the rise yearly. â€Å"The $28 billion children's apparel market experienced continuous growth from 1998 to 2003 up 32%† (Key note publications, 2003), this statistic showing the growth in spending on fashion clothing for young children. The clothing market now being a large expense for parents of these children. The purchasing of school uniforms is proven to be less expensive than the competitive fashion market at this time. School uniforms are typically purchased yearly, with the growing child. This lessening the amount of money spent on uniforms and attention paid to the fashion market’s competiti...

Market Power

Market power allows firms to increase economic profit through strategic tactics such as erecting barriers to entry, reducing rivalry, limiting substitutes, and reducing the power of buyers and suppliers (Brickley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009). Furthermore, market power is defined as â€Å"a company's ability to manipulate price by influencing an item's supply, demand or both. A company with market power would be able to affect price to its benefit. Firms with market power are said to be â€Å"price makers† as they are able to set the price for an item while maintaining market share† (Investopedia, 2013).Essentially, companies must control all of the aspects of market power in order to be able to raise prices without losing customers. If a market is easy to enter (lack of entry barriers), then a price increase will allow another firm to erode profits by introducing a lower-cost product. Similarly, if rivalry is not reduced, each price increase will allow for a rival to keep prices the same and gain market share. In addition, substitutes at lower prices will hinder efforts to raise prices. Finally, if a company has few buyers, the buyers have the power. Therefore, price increases will be met with a potential loss of major profit centers.In the NBC Video News Report: How to Raise Prices Without Losing Customers, Bob Prosen alludes to several practices that allow companies to raise customers without losing demand. Essentially, Prosen provides consultation on how to create inelastic demand, where a change in price does not result in a significant change of demand. For example, increasing the value proposition reduces the likelihood of substitute products (substitutes must copy increased value) and decreases rivalry (steps above rivals), resulting in the greater market power needed to raise prices.Prosen states that increasing value makes the customer appreciate the company more, resulting in the ability to raise price (Ramberg, 2012). As another example, Prosen stresses the importance of developing relationships, â€Å"people like to do business with people they like† (Ramberg, 2012). Essentially, Prosen is suggesting erecting barriers to entry by creating friendships and alliances, again resulting in increased market power needed to raise prices. As a capstone example of the need for market power, Research byMark McCabe of the Georgia Institute of Technology demonstrates the market power of academic journal vendors. Essentially, McCabe found that the consolidation of academic journal vendors (libraries) has led to an oligopoly, and therefore the price structure of academic journals is highly inelastic (McCabe, 2000). Because recent mergers had resulted in few suppliers, vendors of academic journals were able to control the market and raise prices through the use of supplier power. The demand for quality research for use in education cannot change; it is required.Therefore, a change in price will not result in a drop in deman d. References Brickley, J. A. , Smith, C. W. , & Zimmerman, J. L. (2009). Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Investopedia. (2013, March 20). Market Power. Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/market-power. asp McCabe, M. J. (2000). Academic Journal Pricing and Market Power:. THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, 259-269. JJ Ramberg (Author). MSNBC (Publisher). (07/20/2008). How to Raise Prices Without Losing

Discrimination Complaint

Many employees, especially in America are faced with discrimination either in schools or in work places. The case at hand is about John. He, being a federal employee files a discrimination complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) against his employer, who heads the agency he is working for. He takes this initiative because as per the Code of Federal Regulations, each employee has a right to file complaint for an equal employment opportunity with the agency.A charge filed with EEOC will also automatically be filled with Fair Employment Practices Agencies (FEPAs) since they work hand in hand to avoid effort doubling-up of charge processing. Moreover, it is determined within a short period of time (EEOC, 2009). In John’s case, since he is the aggrieved person, prior to his the case filing, he will first consult with an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer in an attempt to decide the discrimination matter casually. During the forty five days EEO proc ess, John is mandated to have his own representative, probably an attorney.During this period, the counselor should be neutral to both the employer agency and John. The counselor will offer John a variety of the available legal choices. After having gone through his rights and responsibilities list provided by the counselor, John has to raise a counseling matter; otherwise the formal EEO complaint is discharged. If a concrete resolution is not realized, then this paves way for the aggrieved person, in this case John, to file a formal EEO complaint with a federal district court.This is because all the available administrative remedies have been exhausted. However, before John can file a formal complaint, he must have received a notice of final interview from the EEO counselor. Moreover, he must be provided with an apposite official of his employer agency. The right to file a formal complaint has to be effected within Fifteen days after receiving the aforementioned notice (Bernnett & Hartman, 2007). When John is filing this complaint in person, he has to go to the meeting with any papers or information that will aid the EEOC figure out his case.This may include a letter or notice indicating his performance evaluations and also that he was kicked out of the job. Moreover, he will bring with him names of fellow employees, who have sufficient information of what went on with their contacts included. On the other side, he can send a letter containing his personal details, the employer’s details, a brief explanation of the proceedings that he believes were bigoted, the date when these discriminatory events took place and the number of the employees in the company.The inequitable dealings have to be unambiguous, for instance, John has to state whether he was fired, harassed or demoted. Additionally, he has to give the reasons as to why he believes he is facing discrimination such as sex, religion, genetic information or even age. Importantly, John has to make s ure that he signs his letter to give EEOC the go-ahead for investigations. This information is assessed and a follow up questionnaire may be sent to John if additional information is required from him. John has to be timely and follow the aforesaid EEOC procedures so as to avoid from being dismissed off his complaint.Later on, the information is got into in a certified EEOC charge form. Both John and his lawyer are conducted to sign the form. In the acknowledgement letter issued to John by his employer, he (the employer), will be required to indicate the EEOC office’s address in which the complaint is to be heard, the time that the employer requires to conduct an appropriate and impartial investigation of the complaint filing by John and the employer’s right to appeal to the ultimate pronouncement arrived or dismissal of John’s grievance.In case John has more similar claims over or related to those of the earlier pending complaint, he has the mandate to add the same. This is referred to as amendment of the pending complaint. For John to be in a position to amend the complaint, he must write a letter addressed to the EEO director of his employer. In this letter, John has to explicitly give detailed information about the new occurrence(s). Furthermore, he is entitled to affirm his intend to amend the complaint by including the new incidents.On receiving the letter, John’s employer or his EEO director will carefully assess the amendment request with the aim of determining the handling correctness of the complaint amendment. However, if John’s existent claim offers adequate support to the additional claims and does not birth a new claim or if the arising claim is closely related to the former, there is no need for a new EEO counseling. John’s new claims qualify to be part and parcel of the investigation and the same is communicated to him.A comprehensive and inclusive investigation of John’s employer then commences. This ought to be developed without prejudice and must be factual in all its recordings. The aim of it being factual and impartial is to ensure that the conclusions to be drawn at the end will be reasonable as to whether John was discriminated by his employer or not. During this process, the investigators are consented to with oaths administrations, witness testimonies and proper documentation. Moreover, they must not have a conflict of interests with the aggrieved party during their investigation.Besides, they should congregate pertinent substantiation that will be employed as a fact-finder in determining whether or not the employer had been involved in a discriminatory act against John. Once the investigation process is over, the employer will provide John with a copy of file in which the complaint had been recorded, the investigation report and the notice of the right to ask for either the on the spot employer’s final decision or an EEOC hearing. The federal district court thus, after the EEOC resolves to file a civil action, handles John’s discrimination complaint entirely as a new case.Moreover, the assumption that arises is that no findings were conducted by the EEOC. The principal purpose behind the court’s take to handle the case as above mention is to ensure that no biasness during the process of issuing a judgment (Cornell, 2009). Moreover, new and more thorough investigations take place. Irrespective of EEOC denying John a right-to-sue-letter, he still bears this right to file a court case. However, John can fail to receive a satisfying resolution of his case or the judgment might not be to his favor.If he has sufficient basis to appeal his case, John may further opt to file his appeal with the U. S. Supreme court. In conclusion, although John is very conversant with the legal actions that he can follow in his complaint, he has to consider the expenses he will incur in this process. Besides, his employer agency has more resource s than him. So long as EEOC helps protect employees from prejudice, the surety that he will receive a right-to-sue letter from the EEOC is only he is in a position to substantiate the earlier mentioned bases of discrimination. References Bennett-Alexander, D. & Hartman, L. (2007). Employment Law for Business. New York: McGraw Hill Cornell, (2009). Employment Discrimination: An Overview. Retrieved on 24 July 2010 from < http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/Employment_discrimination> EEOC, (2009). The Digest of Equal Employment Opportunity Law. Retrieved on 24 July 2010 from   < http://www.eeoc.gov/federal/digest/xx-1.cfm>